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tfourier_shape calculates a 'Fourier tangent angle shape' given Fourier coefficients (see Details) or can generate some 'tfourier' shapes.

Usage

tfourier_shape(an, bn, ao = 0, nb.h, nb.pts = 80, alpha = 2, plot = TRUE)

Arguments

an

numeric. The \(a_n\) Fourier coefficients on which to calculate a shape.

bn

numeric. The \(b_n\) Fourier coefficients on which to calculate a shape.

ao

ao Harmonic coefficient.

nb.h

integer. The number of harmonics to use.

nb.pts

integer. The number of points to calculate.

alpha

numeric. The power coefficient associated with the (usually decreasing) amplitude of the Fourier coefficients (see Details).

plot

logical. Whether to plot or not the shape.

Value

A matrix of (x; y) coordinates.

References

Claude, J. (2008) Morphometrics with R, Use R! series, Springer 316 pp.

See also

Other tfourier: tfourier_i(), tfourier()

Examples

tf <- tfourier(bot[1], 24)
tfourier_shape(tf$an, tf$bn) # equivalent to rfourier_i(rf)

#>                  x           y
#>  [1,] -0.068536123  0.03816985
#>  [2,]  0.010421770  0.02861438
#>  [3,] -0.063790622  0.05721817
#>  [4,] -0.140579972  0.07793172
#>  [5,] -0.183238239  0.14505793
#>  [6,] -0.247181702  0.19235370
#>  [7,] -0.320133871  0.22403393
#>  [8,] -0.368197883  0.28740195
#>  [9,] -0.418456077  0.34904422
#> [10,] -0.483991433  0.39410832
#> [11,] -0.527015593  0.46100060
#> [12,] -0.558482563  0.53404501
#> [13,] -0.615378810  0.58961904
#> [14,] -0.666002527  0.65096148
#> [15,] -0.703250243  0.72123426
#> [16,] -0.768466384  0.76675910
#> [17,] -0.843721723  0.79249409
#> [18,] -0.920086430  0.81472216
#> [19,] -0.990492372  0.77772677
#> [20,] -1.035089701  0.71187289
#> [21,] -1.107991534  0.68007700
#> [22,] -1.173409209  0.63484224
#> [23,] -1.172271234  0.55531639
#> [24,] -1.245117865  0.52339423
#> [25,] -1.169306190  0.54744097
#> [26,] -1.166890972  0.46794366
#> [27,] -1.134401707  0.39534818
#> [28,] -1.068636587  0.35062006
#> [29,] -1.007856315  0.29932275
#> [30,] -0.955597746  0.23936695
#> [31,] -0.898595892  0.18390125
#> [32,] -0.832707879  0.13935435
#> [33,] -0.769939719  0.09050956
#> [34,] -0.718591641  0.02977217
#> [35,] -0.653105984 -0.01536412
#> [36,] -0.579711689 -0.04600613
#> [37,] -0.541356302 -0.11568052
#> [38,] -0.489158357 -0.17568911
#> [39,] -0.526675851 -0.10555999
#> [40,] -0.483094002 -0.17209027
#> [41,] -0.411233403 -0.20617413
#> [42,] -0.384991638 -0.28125426
#> [43,] -0.346581120 -0.35089827
#> [44,] -0.281483742 -0.39659277
#> [45,] -0.223918101 -0.45147312
#> [46,] -0.163346561 -0.50301673
#> [47,] -0.086698985 -0.52424890
#> [48,] -0.009264515 -0.54240265
#> [49,]  0.061119622 -0.57943951
#> [50,]  0.129392040 -0.62023819
#> [51,]  0.196505793 -0.66291605
#> [52,]  0.256624481 -0.71498715
#> [53,]  0.315395180 -0.76857503
#> [54,]  0.379092808 -0.81620137
#> [55,]  0.442596932 -0.86408541
#> [56,]  0.501564226 -0.91745689
#> [57,]  0.558878373 -0.97259983
#> [58,]  0.616862632 -1.02703770
#> [59,]  0.683127662 -1.07102180
#> [60,]  0.761505112 -1.05750770
#> [61,]  0.789105491 -0.98291631
#> [62,]  0.836639557 -0.91914980
#> [63,]  0.850183366 -0.99752212
#> [64,]  0.787935223 -0.94801632
#> [65,]  0.760460379 -0.87337860
#> [66,]  0.699791505 -0.82194959
#> [67,]  0.638226839 -0.77159636
#> [68,]  0.596708767 -0.70375901
#> [69,]  0.552733618 -0.63748804
#> [70,]  0.492705339 -0.58531274
#> [71,]  0.437325328 -0.52822763
#> [72,]  0.414799359 -0.45195026
#> [73,]  0.364582422 -0.39027438
#> [74,]  0.378601540 -0.46856307
#> [75,]  0.344461362 -0.39672921
#> [76,]  0.268368346 -0.37358815
#> [77,]  0.341471182 -0.34225716
#> [78,]  0.264568188 -0.36254472
#> [79,]  0.260420375 -0.28311896
#> [80,]  0.189614910 -0.24689408
tfourier_shape()

#>                 x          y
#>  [1,] 0.001516715 0.05327275
#>  [2,] 0.015779539 0.13151742
#>  [3,] 0.030251198 0.20972373
#>  [4,] 0.045538391 0.28777472
#>  [5,] 0.062199796 0.36554395
#>  [6,] 0.080739961 0.44288681
#>  [7,] 0.101603447 0.51963556
#>  [8,] 0.125169341 0.59559808
#>  [9,] 0.151746433 0.67056016
#> [10,] 0.181569435 0.74429105
#> [11,] 0.214796683 0.81655173
#> [12,] 0.251509688 0.88710534
#> [13,] 0.291714820 0.95572897
#> [14,] 0.335347235 1.02222610
#> [15,] 0.382276925 1.08643872
#> [16,] 0.432316607 1.14825850
#> [17,] 0.485230944 1.20763635
#> [18,] 0.540746428 1.26458972
#> [19,] 0.598561178 1.31920758
#> [20,] 0.658353875 1.37165269
#> [21,] 0.719791053 1.42216139
#> [22,] 0.782532121 1.47104098
#> [23,] 0.846231576 1.51866487
#> [24,] 0.910538094 1.56546580
#> [25,] 0.975090367 1.61192718
#> [26,] 1.039509789 1.65857259
#> [27,] 1.103390319 1.70595332
#> [28,] 1.166286114 1.75463365
#> [29,] 1.227697771 1.80517338
#> [30,] 1.287058321 1.85810712
#> [31,] 1.343720418 1.91391987
#> [32,] 1.396946475 1.97301845
#> [33,] 1.445903783 2.03569889
#> [34,] 1.489666884 2.10211009
#> [35,] 1.527229520 2.17221504
#> [36,] 1.557528380 2.24575166
#> [37,] 1.579480384 2.32219618
#> [38,] 1.592034458 2.40073312
#> [39,] 1.594237457 2.48023660
#> [40,] 1.585312261 2.55926822
#> [41,] 1.564744045 2.63609662
#> [42,] 1.532368623 2.70874295
#> [43,] 1.488454817 2.77505458
#> [44,] 1.433771343 2.83280728
#> [45,] 1.369628237 2.87983193
#> [46,] 1.297883552 2.91415912
#> [47,] 1.220908256 2.93417060
#> [48,] 1.141505884 2.93874434
#> [49,] 1.062788251 2.92737817
#> [50,] 0.988013858 2.90027751
#> [51,] 0.920400814 2.85839515
#> [52,] 0.862930169 2.80341533
#> [53,] 0.818157940 2.73768023
#> [54,] 0.788054092 2.66406356
#> [55,] 0.773884313 2.58580199
#> [56,] 0.776145825 2.50630016
#> [57,] 0.794562342 2.42892776
#> [58,] 0.828136648 2.35682768
#> [59,] 0.875253046 2.29275194
#> [60,] 0.933817055 2.23893825
#> [61,] 1.001416873 2.19703455
#> [62,] 1.075490376 2.16807299
#> [63,] 1.153482821 2.15248985
#> [64,] 1.232983360 2.15018335
#> [65,] 1.311832391 2.16059902
#> [66,] 1.388195950 2.18283104
#> [67,] 1.460607221 2.21572881
#> [68,] 1.527978325 2.25799925
#> [69,] 1.589587611 2.30829788
#> [70,] 1.645048769 2.36530416
#> [71,] 1.694268193 2.42777898
#> [72,] 1.737396454 2.49460419
#> [73,] 1.774778736 2.56480548
#> [74,] 1.806907834 2.63756108
#> [75,] 1.834382083 2.71219901
#> [76,] 1.857869426 2.78818586
#> [77,] 1.878077959 2.86510966
#> [78,] 1.895732549 2.94265946
#> [79,] 1.911556753 3.02060335
#> [80,] 1.926258977 3.09876664
tfourier_shape(nb.h=6, alpha=0.4, nb.pts=500)

#>                   x           y
#>   [1,] -0.002108631 -0.01142224
#>   [2,] -0.002501370 -0.02400767
#>   [3,] -0.001880612 -0.03658391
#>   [4,] -0.000235429 -0.04906752
#>   [5,]  0.002435011 -0.06137264
#>   [6,]  0.006121025 -0.07341260
#>   [7,]  0.010802278 -0.08510161
#>   [8,]  0.016447951 -0.09635655
#>   [9,]  0.023017214 -0.10709862
#>  [10,]  0.030460003 -0.11725500
#>  [11,]  0.038718070 -0.12676034
#>  [12,]  0.047726285 -0.13555803
#>  [13,]  0.057414131 -0.14360122
#>  [14,]  0.067707341 -0.15085360
#>  [15,]  0.078529617 -0.15728987
#>  [16,]  0.089804362 -0.16289588
#>  [17,]  0.101456362 -0.16766852
#>  [18,]  0.113413364 -0.17161534
#>  [19,]  0.125607495 -0.17475387
#>  [20,]  0.137976476 -0.17711088
#>  [21,]  0.150464609 -0.17872140
#>  [22,]  0.163023508 -0.17962766
#>  [23,]  0.175612571 -0.17987805
#>  [24,]  0.188199205 -0.17952609
#>  [25,]  0.200758787 -0.17862936
#>  [26,]  0.213274414 -0.17724866
#>  [27,]  0.225736438 -0.17544723
#>  [28,]  0.238141825 -0.17329001
#>  [29,]  0.250493362 -0.17084322
#>  [30,]  0.262798730 -0.16817392
#>  [31,]  0.275069481 -0.16534976
#>  [32,]  0.287319934 -0.16243881
#>  [33,]  0.299566006 -0.15950949
#>  [34,]  0.311824005 -0.15663048
#>  [35,]  0.324109401 -0.15387072
#>  [36,]  0.336435595 -0.15129931
#>  [37,]  0.348812707 -0.14898537
#>  [38,]  0.361246402 -0.14699779
#>  [39,]  0.373736791 -0.14540487
#>  [40,]  0.386277437 -0.14427376
#>  [41,]  0.398854497 -0.14366977
#>  [42,]  0.411446043 -0.14365552
#>  [43,]  0.424021608 -0.14428985
#>  [44,]  0.436541994 -0.14562670
#>  [45,]  0.448959372 -0.14771379
#>  [46,]  0.461217720 -0.15059131
#>  [47,]  0.473253593 -0.15429063
#>  [48,]  0.484997259 -0.15883305
#>  [49,]  0.496374148 -0.16422875
#>  [50,]  0.507306617 -0.17047602
#>  [51,]  0.517715948 -0.17756073
#>  [52,]  0.527524516 -0.18545625
#>  [53,]  0.536658044 -0.19412376
#>  [54,]  0.545047831 -0.20351305
#>  [55,]  0.552632860 -0.21356365
#>  [56,]  0.559361680 -0.22420650
#>  [57,]  0.565193974 -0.23536587
#>  [58,]  0.570101738 -0.24696161
#>  [59,]  0.574070028 -0.25891150
#>  [60,]  0.577097246 -0.27113374
#>  [61,]  0.579194980 -0.28354932
#>  [62,]  0.580387426 -0.29608429
#>  [63,]  0.580710458 -0.30867169
#>  [64,]  0.580210428 -0.32125332
#>  [65,]  0.578942782 -0.33378090
#>  [66,]  0.576970590 -0.34621704
#>  [67,]  0.574363104 -0.35853566
#>  [68,]  0.571194404 -0.37072198
#>  [69,]  0.567542236 -0.38277225
#>  [70,]  0.563487083 -0.39469294
#>  [71,]  0.559111504 -0.40649978
#>  [72,]  0.554499769 -0.41821640
#>  [73,]  0.549737758 -0.42987275
#>  [74,]  0.544913126 -0.44150332
#>  [75,]  0.540115641 -0.45314511
#>  [76,]  0.535437656 -0.46483544
#>  [77,]  0.530974607 -0.47660950
#>  [78,]  0.526825428 -0.48849779
#>  [79,]  0.523092770 -0.50052337
#>  [80,]  0.519882881 -0.51269891
#>  [81,]  0.517305016 -0.52502376
#>  [82,]  0.515470246 -0.53748092
#>  [83,]  0.514489542 -0.55003422
#>  [84,]  0.514471047 -0.56262576
#>  [85,]  0.515516483 -0.57517384
#>  [86,]  0.517716714 -0.58757167
#>  [87,]  0.521146550 -0.59968709
#>  [88,]  0.525858973 -0.61136358
#>  [89,]  0.531879072 -0.62242276
#>  [90,]  0.539198072 -0.63266871
#>  [91,]  0.547767920 -0.64189395
#>  [92,]  0.557496962 -0.64988725
#>  [93,]  0.568247269 -0.65644302
#>  [94,]  0.579834122 -0.66137172
#>  [95,]  0.592028072 -0.66451096
#>  [96,]  0.604559851 -0.66573642
#>  [97,]  0.617128167 -0.66497179
#>  [98,]  0.629410174 -0.66219699
#>  [99,]  0.641074135 -0.65745365
#> [100,]  0.651793556 -0.65084750
#> [101,]  0.661261840 -0.64254697
#> [102,]  0.669206437 -0.63277811
#> [103,]  0.675401403 -0.62181592
#> [104,]  0.679677420 -0.60997266
#> [105,]  0.681928498 -0.59758396
#> [106,]  0.682114907 -0.58499378
#> [107,]  0.680262169 -0.57253928
#> [108,]  0.676456337 -0.56053666
#> [109,]  0.670836064 -0.54926902
#> [110,]  0.663582217 -0.53897684
#> [111,]  0.654905955 -0.52985162
#> [112,]  0.645036211 -0.52203271
#> [113,]  0.634207485 -0.51560730
#> [114,]  0.622648728 -0.51061306
#> [115,]  0.610573885 -0.50704299
#> [116,]  0.598174478 -0.50485167
#> [117,]  0.585614369 -0.50396235
#> [118,]  0.573026679 -0.50427430
#> [119,]  0.560512676 -0.50566962
#> [120,]  0.548142331 -0.50801947
#> [121,]  0.535956240 -0.51118908
#> [122,]  0.523968541 -0.51504165
#> [123,]  0.512170530 -0.51944099
#> [124,]  0.500534721 -0.52425297
#> [125,]  0.489019154 -0.52934600
#> [126,]  0.477571821 -0.53459059
#> [127,]  0.466135158 -0.53985842
#> [128,]  0.454650578 -0.54502094
#> [129,]  0.443063052 -0.54994806
#> [130,]  0.431325750 -0.55450689
#> [131,]  0.419404746 -0.55856113
#> [132,]  0.407283721 -0.56197112
#> [133,]  0.394968576 -0.56459493
#> [134,]  0.382491745 -0.56629079
#> [135,]  0.369915957 -0.56692069
#> [136,]  0.357337087 -0.56635567
#> [137,]  0.344885689 -0.56448219
#> [138,]  0.332726775 -0.56120988
#> [139,]  0.321057428 -0.55647981
#> [140,]  0.310101919 -0.55027303
#> [141,]  0.300104155 -0.54261850
#> [142,]  0.291317498 -0.53359952
#> [143,]  0.283992284 -0.52335801
#> [144,]  0.278361630 -0.51209556
#> [145,]  0.274626457 -0.50007076
#> [146,]  0.272940836 -0.48759254
#> [147,]  0.273398923 -0.47500933
#> [148,]  0.276024756 -0.46269461
#> [149,]  0.280766008 -0.45102980
#> [150,]  0.287492512 -0.44038549
#> [151,]  0.295999944 -0.43110266
#> [152,]  0.306018542 -0.42347542
#> [153,]  0.317226259 -0.41773657
#> [154,]  0.329265267 -0.41404747
#> [155,]  0.341760448 -0.41249258
#> [156,]  0.354338320 -0.41307940
#> [157,]  0.366644877 -0.41574321
#> [158,]  0.378361032 -0.42035612
#> [159,]  0.389214654 -0.42673939
#> [160,]  0.398988640 -0.43467768
#> [161,]  0.407524855 -0.44393404
#> [162,]  0.414724200 -0.45426441
#> [163,]  0.420543388 -0.46543063
#> [164,]  0.424989183 -0.47721121
#> [165,]  0.428111009 -0.48940963
#> [166,]  0.429992784 -0.50185977
#> [167,]  0.430744760 -0.51442885
#> [168,]  0.430495992 -0.52701795
#> [169,]  0.429387899 -0.53956065
#> [170,]  0.427569155 -0.55202016
#> [171,]  0.425192036 -0.56438529
#> [172,]  0.422410135 -0.57666570
#> [173,]  0.419377309 -0.58888655
#> [174,]  0.416247586 -0.60108294
#> [175,]  0.413175701 -0.61329403
#> [176,]  0.410317926 -0.62555700
#> [177,]  0.407832766 -0.63790087
#> [178,]  0.405881126 -0.65034026
#> [179,]  0.404625544 -0.66286906
#> [180,]  0.404228078 -0.67545433
#> [181,]  0.404846527 -0.68803069
#> [182,]  0.406628741 -0.70049548
#> [183,]  0.409704904 -0.71270549
#> [184,]  0.414177929 -0.72447576
#> [185,]  0.420112297 -0.73558119
#> [186,]  0.427522044 -0.74576170
#> [187,]  0.436358881 -0.75473152
#> [188,]  0.446501744 -0.76219272
#> [189,]  0.457749287 -0.76785311
#> [190,]  0.469816892 -0.77144757
#> [191,]  0.482339680 -0.77276172
#> [192,]  0.494882596 -0.77165606
#> [193,]  0.506958073 -0.76808813
#> [194,]  0.518050962 -0.76213036
#> [195,]  0.527649444 -0.75398074
#> [196,]  0.535279762 -0.74396448
#> [197,]  0.540541754 -0.73252513
#> [198,]  0.543141751 -0.72020493
#> [199,]  0.542919276 -0.70761535
#> [200,]  0.539864452 -0.69539998
#> [201,]  0.534123851 -0.68419316
#> [202,]  0.525993794 -0.67457810
#> [203,]  0.515901498 -0.66704864
#> [204,]  0.504375878 -0.66197840
#> [205,]  0.492010966 -0.65960013
#> [206,]  0.479425663 -0.65999683
#> [207,]  0.467223760 -0.66310501
#> [208,]  0.455957927 -0.66872891
#> [209,]  0.446100612 -0.67656348
#> [210,]  0.438023807 -0.68622332
#> [211,]  0.431988473 -0.69727420
#> [212,]  0.428143312 -0.70926428
#> [213,]  0.426531705 -0.72175227
#> [214,]  0.427104949 -0.73433077
#> [215,]  0.429739668 -0.74664358
#> [216,]  0.434257236 -0.75839683
#> [217,]  0.440443280 -0.76936406
#> [218,]  0.448065724 -0.77938631
#> [219,]  0.456890287 -0.78836820
#> [220,]  0.466692836 -0.79627119
#> [221,]  0.477268369 -0.80310532
#> [222,]  0.488436766 -0.80892031
#> [223,]  0.500045641 -0.81379692
#> [224,]  0.511970771 -0.81783901
#> [225,]  0.524114613 -0.82116682
#> [226,]  0.536403406 -0.82391141
#> [227,]  0.548783310 -0.82621037
#> [228,]  0.561215938 -0.82820461
#> [229,]  0.573673589 -0.83003604
#> [230,]  0.586134395 -0.83184588
#> [231,]  0.598577552 -0.83377333
#> [232,]  0.610978787 -0.83595430
#> [233,]  0.623306164 -0.83852003
#> [234,]  0.635516378 -0.84159540
#> [235,]  0.647551648 -0.84529669
#> [236,]  0.659337383 -0.84972881
#> [237,]  0.670780778 -0.85498199
#> [238,]  0.681770502 -0.86112798
#> [239,]  0.692177644 -0.86821590
#> [240,]  0.701858022 -0.87626808
#> [241,]  0.710655912 -0.88527609
#> [242,]  0.718409155 -0.89519750
#> [243,]  0.724955505 -0.90595355
#> [244,]  0.730139942 -0.91742826
#> [245,]  0.733822593 -0.92946924
#> [246,]  0.735886755 -0.94189045
#> [247,]  0.736246485 -0.95447686
#> [248,]  0.734853191 -0.96699109
#> [249,]  0.731700665 -0.97918162
#> [250,]  0.726828117 -0.99079219
#> [251,]  0.720320890 -1.00157195
#> [252,]  0.712308702 -1.01128545
#> [253,]  0.702961483 -1.01972208
#> [254,]  0.692483056 -1.02670419
#> [255,]  0.681103074 -1.03209336
#> [256,]  0.669067787 -1.03579459
#> [257,]  0.656630248 -1.03775797
#> [258,]  0.644040618 -1.03797807
#> [259,]  0.631537164 -1.03649117
#> [260,]  0.619338444 -1.03337052
#> [261,]  0.607637044 -1.02872031
#> [262,]  0.596595093 -1.02266865
#> [263,]  0.586341602 -1.01536022
#> [264,]  0.576971545 -1.00694897
#> [265,]  0.568546501 -0.99759130
#> [266,]  0.561096561 -0.98744016
#> [267,]  0.554623200 -0.97664003
#> [268,]  0.549102776 -0.96532314
#> [269,]  0.544490327 -0.95360680
#> [270,]  0.540723423 -0.94159191
#> [271,]  0.537725823 -0.92936237
#> [272,]  0.535410781 -0.91698546
#> [273,]  0.533683915 -0.90451289
#> [274,]  0.532445562 -0.89198237
#> [275,]  0.531592646 -0.87941974
#> [276,]  0.531020085 -0.86684121
#> [277,]  0.530621809 -0.85425596
#> [278,]  0.530291482 -0.84166874
#> [279,]  0.529923029 -0.82908258
#> [280,]  0.529411080 -0.81650143
#> [281,]  0.528651442 -0.80393282
#> [282,]  0.527541696 -0.79139026
#> [283,]  0.525982022 -0.77889568
#> [284,]  0.523876323 -0.76648144
#> [285,]  0.521133697 -0.75419221
#> [286,]  0.517670309 -0.74208633
#> [287,]  0.513411637 -0.73023682
#> [288,]  0.508295074 -0.71873169
#> [289,]  0.502272813 -0.70767368
#> [290,]  0.495314891 -0.69717918
#> [291,]  0.487412261 -0.68737634
#> [292,]  0.478579699 -0.67840232
#> [293,]  0.468858353 -0.67039965
#> [294,]  0.458317700 -0.66351185
#> [295,]  0.447056714 -0.65787825
#> [296,]  0.435204029 -0.65362842
#> [297,]  0.422916946 -0.65087618
#> [298,]  0.410379171 -0.64971368
#> [299,]  0.397797234 -0.65020571
#> [300,]  0.385395646 -0.65238467
#> [301,]  0.373410891 -0.65624639
#> [302,]  0.362084473 -0.66174725
#> [303,]  0.351655298 -0.66880271
#> [304,]  0.342351713 -0.67728743
#> [305,]  0.334383602 -0.68703712
#> [306,]  0.327934909 -0.69785200
#> [307,]  0.323156973 -0.70950183
#> [308,]  0.320163022 -0.72173226
#> [309,]  0.319024073 -0.73427220
#> [310,]  0.319766469 -0.74684185
#> [311,]  0.322371111 -0.75916106
#> [312,]  0.326774422 -0.77095759
#> [313,]  0.332870930 -0.78197484
#> [314,]  0.340517297 -0.79197886
#> [315,]  0.349537559 -0.80076419
#> [316,]  0.359729272 -0.80815853
#> [317,]  0.370870249 -0.81402588
#> [318,]  0.382725564 -0.81826837
#> [319,]  0.395054502 -0.82082660
#> [320,]  0.407617192 -0.82167868
#> [321,]  0.420180664 -0.82083821
#> [322,]  0.432524164 -0.81835119
#> [323,]  0.444443587 -0.81429230
#> [324,]  0.455754963 -0.80876057
#> [325,]  0.466296973 -0.80187485
#> [326,]  0.475932513 -0.79376907
#> [327,]  0.484549387 -0.78458775
#> [328,]  0.492060198 -0.77448156
#> [329,]  0.498401565 -0.76360341
#> [330,]  0.503532789 -0.75210481
#> [331,]  0.507434072 -0.74013287
#> [332,]  0.510104440 -0.72782774
#> [333,]  0.511559463 -0.71532054
#> [334,]  0.511828878 -0.70273186
#> [335,]  0.510954212 -0.69017073
#> [336,]  0.508986463 -0.67773388
#> [337,]  0.505983905 -0.66550556
#> [338,]  0.502010062 -0.65355751
#> [339,]  0.497131870 -0.64194930
#> [340,]  0.491418052 -0.63072881
#> [341,]  0.484937714 -0.61993286
#> [342,]  0.477759157 -0.60958803
#> [343,]  0.469948897 -0.59971144
#> [344,]  0.461570887 -0.59031164
#> [345,]  0.452685922 -0.58138950
#> [346,]  0.443351209 -0.57293903
#> [347,]  0.433620088 -0.56494826
#> [348,]  0.423541880 -0.55739995
#> [349,]  0.413161848 -0.55027239
#> [350,]  0.402521259 -0.54354000
#> [351,]  0.391657518 -0.53717397
#> [352,]  0.380604375 -0.53114277
#> [353,]  0.369392188 -0.52541267
#> [354,]  0.358048219 -0.51994809
#> [355,]  0.346596981 -0.51471203
#> [356,]  0.335060595 -0.50966634
#> [357,]  0.323459176 -0.50477202
#> [358,]  0.311811233 -0.49998949
#> [359,]  0.300134071 -0.49527874
#> [360,]  0.288444209 -0.49059960
#> [361,]  0.276757783 -0.48591189
#> [362,]  0.265090965 -0.48117558
#> [363,]  0.253460357 -0.47635104
#> [364,]  0.241883386 -0.47139918
#> [365,]  0.230378680 -0.46628166
#> [366,]  0.218966425 -0.46096117
#> [367,]  0.207668700 -0.45540162
#> [368,]  0.196509773 -0.44956847
#> [369,]  0.185516375 -0.44342906
#> [370,]  0.174717912 -0.43695291
#> [371,]  0.164146643 -0.43011219
#> [372,]  0.153837784 -0.42288207
#> [373,]  0.143829554 -0.41524122
#> [374,]  0.134163142 -0.40717229
#> [375,]  0.124882583 -0.39866238
#> [376,]  0.116034558 -0.38970361
#> [377,]  0.107668080 -0.38029354
#> [378,]  0.099834094 -0.37043576
#> [379,]  0.092584960 -0.36014026
#> [380,]  0.085973843 -0.34942390
#> [381,]  0.080054001 -0.33831073
#> [382,]  0.074877974 -0.32683223
#> [383,]  0.070496704 -0.31502749
#> [384,]  0.066958575 -0.30294325
#> [385,]  0.064308412 -0.29063375
#> [386,]  0.062586451 -0.27816050
#> [387,]  0.061827305 -0.26559185
#> [388,]  0.062058966 -0.25300243
#> [389,]  0.063301849 -0.24047236
#> [390,]  0.065567931 -0.22808640
#> [391,]  0.068860011 -0.21593282
#> [392,]  0.073171098 -0.20410228
#> [393,]  0.078483991 -0.19268648
#> [394,]  0.084771028 -0.18177684
#> [395,]  0.091994062 -0.17146301
#> [396,]  0.100104636 -0.16183151
#> [397,]  0.109044392 -0.15296427
#> [398,]  0.118745680 -0.14493730
#> [399,]  0.129132386 -0.13781946
#> [400,]  0.140120928 -0.13167136
#> [401,]  0.151621420 -0.12654438
#> [402,]  0.163538958 -0.12247996
#> [403,]  0.175775005 -0.11950904
#> [404,]  0.188228826 -0.11765174
#> [405,]  0.200798940 -0.11691726
#> [406,]  0.213384553 -0.11730400
#> [407,]  0.225886932 -0.11879991
#> [408,]  0.238210688 -0.12138298
#> [409,]  0.250264941 -0.12502196
#> [410,]  0.261964339 -0.12967721
#> [411,]  0.273229922 -0.13530161
#> [412,]  0.283989809 -0.14184165
#> [413,]  0.294179715 -0.14923847
#> [414,]  0.303743287 -0.15742903
#> [415,]  0.312632273 -0.16634717
#> [416,]  0.320806528 -0.17592469
#> [417,]  0.328233881 -0.18609236
#> [418,]  0.334889871 -0.19678091
#> [419,]  0.340757371 -0.20792181
#> [420,]  0.345826128 -0.21944808
#> [421,]  0.350092233 -0.23129492
#> [422,]  0.353557540 -0.24340024
#> [423,]  0.356229060 -0.25570513
#> [424,]  0.358118331 -0.26815414
#> [425,]  0.359240806 -0.28069556
#> [426,]  0.359615239 -0.29328155
#> [427,]  0.359263110 -0.30586818
#> [428,]  0.358208071 -0.31841545
#> [429,]  0.356475449 -0.33088723
#> [430,]  0.354091776 -0.34325110
#> [431,]  0.351084379 -0.35547823
#> [432,]  0.347481014 -0.36754318
#> [433,]  0.343309547 -0.37942367
#> [434,]  0.338597684 -0.39110039
#> [435,]  0.333372746 -0.40255670
#> [436,]  0.327661484 -0.41377850
#> [437,]  0.321489931 -0.42475389
#> [438,]  0.314883297 -0.43547301
#> [439,]  0.307865883 -0.44592783
#> [440,]  0.300461033 -0.45611190
#> [441,]  0.292691106 -0.46602026
#> [442,]  0.284577463 -0.47564917
#> [443,]  0.276140481 -0.48499607
#> [444,]  0.267399571 -0.49405939
#> [445,]  0.258373212 -0.50283846
#> [446,]  0.249078990 -0.51133344
#> [447,]  0.239533647 -0.51954524
#> [448,]  0.229753125 -0.52747547
#> [449,]  0.219752622 -0.53512643
#> [450,]  0.209546636 -0.54250105
#> [451,]  0.199149017 -0.54960294
#> [452,]  0.188573012 -0.55643634
#> [453,]  0.177831306 -0.56300619
#> [454,]  0.166936061 -0.56931815
#> [455,]  0.155898946 -0.57537863
#> [456,]  0.144731171 -0.58119481
#> [457,]  0.133443505 -0.58677476
#> [458,]  0.122046301 -0.59212742
#> [459,]  0.110549511 -0.59726269
#> [460,]  0.098962704 -0.60219150
#> [461,]  0.087295079 -0.60692582
#> [462,]  0.075555483 -0.61147874
#> [463,]  0.063752430 -0.61586453
#> [464,]  0.051894127 -0.62009866
#> [465,]  0.039988500 -0.62419784
#> [466,]  0.028043242 -0.62818006
#> [467,]  0.016065863 -0.63206459
#> [468,]  0.004063753 -0.63587203
#> [469,] -0.007955728 -0.63962427
#> [470,] -0.019985155 -0.64334450
#> [471,] -0.032016912 -0.64705719
#> [472,] -0.044043052 -0.65078803
#> [473,] -0.056055133 -0.65456389
#> [474,] -0.068044026 -0.65841274
#> [475,] -0.079999708 -0.66236355
#> [476,] -0.091911031 -0.66644615
#> [477,] -0.103765470 -0.67069109
#> [478,] -0.115548859 -0.67512944
#> [479,] -0.127245112 -0.67979258
#> [480,] -0.138835946 -0.68471191
#> [481,] -0.150300593 -0.68991855
#> [482,] -0.161615540 -0.69544297
#> [483,] -0.172754277 -0.70131458
#> [484,] -0.183687084 -0.70756125
#> [485,] -0.194380867 -0.71420883
#> [486,] -0.204799045 -0.72128052
#> [487,] -0.214901527 -0.72879630
#> [488,] -0.224644766 -0.73677230
#> [489,] -0.233981928 -0.74522006
#> [490,] -0.242863174 -0.75414590
#> [491,] -0.251236071 -0.76355025
#> [492,] -0.259046144 -0.77342699
#> [493,] -0.266237563 -0.78376289
#> [494,] -0.272753971 -0.79453710
#> [495,] -0.278539437 -0.80572082
#> [496,] -0.283539532 -0.81727704
#> [497,] -0.287702482 -0.82916052
#> [498,] -0.290980393 -0.84131793
#> [499,] -0.293330497 -0.85368823
#> [500,] -0.294716374 -0.86620328
panel(Out(a2l(replicate(100,
coo_force2close(tfourier_shape(nb.h=6, alpha=2, nb.pts=200, plot=FALSE)))))) # biological shapes